24 Validation studies have compared the effectiveness of using noninvasive telemetry with implanted and other forms of invasive telemetry methods in dogs. 33, 40 These factors may alter the sensitivity of the models to detect drug-induced effects. Noninvasive collection of physiologic data by using a jacketed system has the advantage of avoiding surgical device implantation and eliminating the influences of anesthetic and restraint-induced stress. The 2 types of telemetry systems that are most commonly used are noninvasive vest (jacketed or external) systems and invasive implanted (or internal) systems. 3, 15, 18 In telemetry studies, a device continuously transmits physiologic data to a remote receiver using radio frequency communication, and allows evaluation of unrestrained experimental animals. Safety pharmacology studies in dogs often rely on telemetry and other noninvasive approaches to monitor electrocardiography, respiration, temperature, and locomotor activity. 22 A recent survey of industrial toxicity testing laboratories that perform ICH S7 studies indicated that domesticated dogs were the animals used most frequently for the assessment of new chemical entities. This guideline advocates against the use of mice and rats for in vivo cardiac electrophysiology studies because their ionic mechanisms of repolarization differ from humans, dogs, pigs, and other larger mammalian species. 16, 20, 32 A second guideline (ICH S7B) 22 addresses the evaluation of drug-induced delays in ventricular repolarization. 10, 21 ICH S7A does not specify a test species however, several reviews suggest that dogs and monkeys have the greatest value for predicting human cardiovascular and neurologic toxicity. 4 This guideline requires that test substances be assessed for potential adverse effects on the major vital organ systems including the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and respiratory system. 4 The development of safety pharmacology as a scientific discipline was accelerated in 2000 when the International Conference on Harmonization published its guideline (ICH S7A) for safety pharmacology studies for human pharmaceuticals. Our results suggest that the use of telemetry vests in dogs influences the measurement of physiologic parameters and behaviors that are assessed in safety pharmacology studies.Īn important objective of safety pharmacology studies is to ensure that approved drugs do not adversely affect human physiologic function. Vest wearing did not affect total locomotor activity or rectal body temperature but significantly decreased heart rate by 8% and overall mean anxiety score by 34% during open-field test sessions. Video analysis of locomotor activity and anxiety-related behavior and manual determination of heart rate and body temperature were performed results were compared between groups. Dogs were individually retested with the same standardized sound stimulus (thunderstorm) in an open-field arena, and their behavioral responses were video recorded. Dogs were assigned to one of 2 experimental groups (Vest and No-Vest, n = 8 dogs per group) by using a matched pairs design, with a previously determined, sound-associated anxiety score as the blocking variable. This pilot study assessed the effect of a telemetry vest on behavioral and physiologic responses to an environmental stressor, the sounds of a thunderstorm, in Labrador retrievers. However, whether merely wearing the telemetry vest affects canine behavior and other parameters has not been evaluated. ![]() Safety pharmacology studies in dogs often integrate behavioral assessments made using video recording with physiologic measurements collected by telemetry.
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